Freelancer / Sole Trader Tax Deductions
Australia 2026
Self-Employed Contractors & Freelancers — your complete ATO-aligned 2026 guide.
Last updated: May 2026
If you work as a freelancer / sole trader in Australia, you're entitled to claim a deduction for many of the costs you incur doing your job. The ATO has specific rules about what counts and what doesn't — and getting it right can mean a meaningfully bigger refund. This guide covers every tax deduction available to Australian freelancer / sole traders for the 2025–26 financial year, based on published ATO guidance for the Gig Economy sector. We break down what's fully deductible, what's partially deductible (and how to apportion it), and what to avoid claiming.
The 3 ATO golden rules
To claim a work-related deduction, you must meet all three:
- You paid for it personally and weren't reimbursed.
- The expense directly relates to earning your income.
- You have a record (usually a receipt).
✓Fully deductible14 items
These expenses are claimable at 100% of the cost. Keep your receipts and claim them on your return.
🧾
ABN registration costs
Costs to set up and maintain your ABN are deductible.
ABN registration costs
Costs to set up and maintain your ABN are deductible.
📋 Why this matters
Subscriptions and memberships to industry bodies, unions, and professional associations are deductible when they relate to your current employment under Section 8-1 of ITAA 1997. (Strike-fund levies are deductible ONLY where the fund's sole purpose is to maintain or improve members' pay — levies that go to support members in financial hardship are NOT deductible.) Renewals of mandatory licences and registrations (AHPRA, electrical licence, real estate licence, etc.) are deductible. Important: the FIRST registration you obtain to ENTER a profession is NOT deductible — it's incurred before you start earning income — only later renewals are. You can also claim up to $42 per year for each membership of a trade, business or professional association that does NOT directly relate to your current job.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full annual fee in the year you paid it. Claim under item D5 (Other work-related expenses).
📁 Records to keep
Invoice or receipt from the association/regulator showing the amount and period of cover.
💡 Pro tipIf you joined mid-year, claim only the portion you paid (not the full annual fee). If your employer reimbursed you, you cannot claim — even partially.
🧾
Tax agent and bookkeeping fees (last year)
Tax agent fees paid last year are deductible on this year's return.
Tax agent and bookkeeping fees (last year)
Tax agent fees paid last year are deductible on this year's return.
📋 Why this matters
Fees you pay a registered tax agent (or accountant) for preparing and lodging your tax return are deductible in the year you paid them. Set out in Section 25-5 of ITAA 1997.
✅ How to claim
Claim under item D10 (Cost of managing tax affairs). This is one of the few deductions claimed on the return for the SAME year you paid (not the year being lodged).
📁 Records to keep
Tax agent invoice and proof of payment.
💡 Pro tipThe fee you paid LAST YEAR to lodge LAST YEAR's return is claimable on THIS YEAR's return. Travel to your tax agent's office is also deductible. So is the cost of tax software (etax.com.au, TaxFox, etc.).
💾
Accounting and invoicing software
Software used to manage your business is deductible.
Accounting and invoicing software
Software used to manage your business is deductible.
📋 Why this matters
This expense is fully deductible because it directly relates to earning your income as a freelancer / sole trader and meets the three ATO tests: (1) you paid for it personally, (2) it's directly connected to your work, (3) it's not private or domestic in nature. Software used to manage your business is deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full amount in the year of purchase under the appropriate item on your tax return (typically D5 'Other work-related expenses' for most items).
📁 Records to keep
Keep your receipt or invoice for at least 5 years from the date you lodge your return. The ATO can request substantiation at any time during that window.
💡 Pro tipIf you weren't reimbursed by your employer and the expense relates to earning your income, claim it. Better to claim small amounts than miss out — Australians collectively under-claim by hundreds of millions each year.
🛡️
Professional indemnity insurance
Professional indemnity insurance is deductible.
Professional indemnity insurance
Professional indemnity insurance is deductible.
📋 Why this matters
Subscriptions and memberships to industry bodies, unions, and professional associations are deductible when they relate to your current employment under Section 8-1 of ITAA 1997. (Strike-fund levies are deductible ONLY where the fund's sole purpose is to maintain or improve members' pay — levies that go to support members in financial hardship are NOT deductible.) Renewals of mandatory licences and registrations (AHPRA, electrical licence, real estate licence, etc.) are deductible. Important: the FIRST registration you obtain to ENTER a profession is NOT deductible — it's incurred before you start earning income — only later renewals are. You can also claim up to $42 per year for each membership of a trade, business or professional association that does NOT directly relate to your current job.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full annual fee in the year you paid it. Claim under item D5 (Other work-related expenses).
📁 Records to keep
Invoice or receipt from the association/regulator showing the amount and period of cover.
💡 Pro tipIf you joined mid-year, claim only the portion you paid (not the full annual fee). If your employer reimbursed you, you cannot claim — even partially.
🛡️
Public liability insurance
Public liability insurance for your business is deductible.
Public liability insurance
Public liability insurance for your business is deductible.
📋 Why this matters
This expense is fully deductible because it directly relates to earning your income as a freelancer / sole trader and meets the three ATO tests: (1) you paid for it personally, (2) it's directly connected to your work, (3) it's not private or domestic in nature. Public liability insurance for your business is deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full amount in the year of purchase under the appropriate item on your tax return (typically D5 'Other work-related expenses' for most items).
📁 Records to keep
Keep your receipt or invoice for at least 5 years from the date you lodge your return. The ATO can request substantiation at any time during that window.
💡 Pro tipIf you weren't reimbursed by your employer and the expense relates to earning your income, claim it. Better to claim small amounts than miss out — Australians collectively under-claim by hundreds of millions each year.
🛡️
Income protection insurance
Income protection premiums paid outside super are deductible.
Income protection insurance
Income protection premiums paid outside super are deductible.
📋 Why this matters
Income protection insurance premiums are deductible because the policy protects your taxable income — if you can't work, the policy pays you a taxable benefit. Set out in TR 95/29 and ITAA 1997 Section 8-1. This applies ONLY to premiums paid outside super (if your insurance is inside your super fund, the fund claims it, not you).
✅ How to claim
Claim the annual premium under D15 (Other deductions — gifts, donations, cost of managing tax affairs, premiums for income protection insurance).
📁 Records to keep
Insurance policy document and proof of premium payment (bank statement, receipt).
💡 Pro tipLife insurance, total and permanent disability (TPD), and trauma insurance premiums are NOT deductible — only income protection. If your premium covers multiple types, ask your insurer for a breakdown.
🏦
Bank fees on business account
Bank fees on a dedicated business account are deductible.
Bank fees on business account
Bank fees on a dedicated business account are deductible.
📋 Why this matters
This expense is fully deductible because it directly relates to earning your income as a freelancer / sole trader and meets the three ATO tests: (1) you paid for it personally, (2) it's directly connected to your work, (3) it's not private or domestic in nature. Bank fees on a dedicated business account are deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full amount in the year of purchase under the appropriate item on your tax return (typically D5 'Other work-related expenses' for most items).
📁 Records to keep
Keep your receipt or invoice for at least 5 years from the date you lodge your return. The ATO can request substantiation at any time during that window.
💡 Pro tipIf you weren't reimbursed by your employer and the expense relates to earning your income, claim it. Better to claim small amounts than miss out — Australians collectively under-claim by hundreds of millions each year.
🎓
Self-education (current business)
Self-funded training that maintains your current business skills is deductible.
Self-education (current business)
Self-funded training that maintains your current business skills is deductible.
📋 Why this matters
Self-education expenses are deductible when the course (a) maintains or improves the skills you currently use to earn your income, OR (b) is likely to result in increased income from your current role (Taxation Ruling TR 2024/3). It's NOT deductible when the course leads to a new career, new field, or just 'general' knowledge.
✅ How to claim
Claim under item D4 (Work-related self-education expenses). Includes course fees, textbooks, stationery, internet, depreciation on a computer used for study, and travel from work (NOT home) to the place of study.
📁 Records to keep
Course enrolment confirmation, receipts, and ideally a written statement from your employer or in your records showing how the course relates to your current role.
💡 Pro tipGovernment-subsidised courses (HECS/HELP) — the loan repayments themselves are NOT deductible. But upfront fees you paid (not loaned) are. Also, the $250 'non-deductible' threshold was abolished from 1 July 2022 — every dollar of self-education is now claimable from day one.
📄
Industry association fees
Professional association fees relevant to your business are deductible.
Industry association fees
Professional association fees relevant to your business are deductible.
📋 Why this matters
Subscriptions and memberships to industry bodies, unions, and professional associations are deductible when they relate to your current employment under Section 8-1 of ITAA 1997. (Strike-fund levies are deductible ONLY where the fund's sole purpose is to maintain or improve members' pay — levies that go to support members in financial hardship are NOT deductible.) Renewals of mandatory licences and registrations (AHPRA, electrical licence, real estate licence, etc.) are deductible. Important: the FIRST registration you obtain to ENTER a profession is NOT deductible — it's incurred before you start earning income — only later renewals are. You can also claim up to $42 per year for each membership of a trade, business or professional association that does NOT directly relate to your current job.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full annual fee in the year you paid it. Claim under item D5 (Other work-related expenses).
📁 Records to keep
Invoice or receipt from the association/regulator showing the amount and period of cover.
💡 Pro tipIf you joined mid-year, claim only the portion you paid (not the full annual fee). If your employer reimbursed you, you cannot claim — even partially.
🎯
Marketing, website and ads
Marketing for your business is deductible.
Marketing, website and ads
Marketing for your business is deductible.
📋 Why this matters
This expense is fully deductible because it directly relates to earning your income as a freelancer / sole trader and meets the three ATO tests: (1) you paid for it personally, (2) it's directly connected to your work, (3) it's not private or domestic in nature. Marketing for your business is deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full amount in the year of purchase under the appropriate item on your tax return (typically D5 'Other work-related expenses' for most items).
📁 Records to keep
Keep your receipt or invoice for at least 5 years from the date you lodge your return. The ATO can request substantiation at any time during that window.
💡 Pro tipIf you weren't reimbursed by your employer and the expense relates to earning your income, claim it. Better to claim small amounts than miss out — Australians collectively under-claim by hundreds of millions each year.
🧑💼
Subcontractor fees you pay
Payments to subcontractors for your business work are deductible.
Subcontractor fees you pay
Payments to subcontractors for your business work are deductible.
📋 Why this matters
This expense is fully deductible because it directly relates to earning your income as a freelancer / sole trader and meets the three ATO tests: (1) you paid for it personally, (2) it's directly connected to your work, (3) it's not private or domestic in nature. Payments to subcontractors for your business work are deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full amount in the year of purchase under the appropriate item on your tax return (typically D5 'Other work-related expenses' for most items).
📁 Records to keep
Keep your receipt or invoice for at least 5 years from the date you lodge your return. The ATO can request substantiation at any time during that window.
💡 Pro tipIf you weren't reimbursed by your employer and the expense relates to earning your income, claim it. Better to claim small amounts than miss out — Australians collectively under-claim by hundreds of millions each year.
✏️
Office supplies and stationery
Work-related stationery is deductible.
Office supplies and stationery
Work-related stationery is deductible.
📋 Why this matters
This expense is fully deductible because it directly relates to earning your income as a freelancer / sole trader and meets the three ATO tests: (1) you paid for it personally, (2) it's directly connected to your work, (3) it's not private or domestic in nature. Work-related stationery is deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full amount in the year of purchase under the appropriate item on your tax return (typically D5 'Other work-related expenses' for most items).
📁 Records to keep
Keep your receipt or invoice for at least 5 years from the date you lodge your return. The ATO can request substantiation at any time during that window.
💡 Pro tipIf you weren't reimbursed by your employer and the expense relates to earning your income, claim it. Better to claim small amounts than miss out — Australians collectively under-claim by hundreds of millions each year.
🪑
Ergonomic chair, desk and monitor
Ergonomic equipment used for business is deductible.
Ergonomic chair, desk and monitor
Ergonomic equipment used for business is deductible.
📋 Why this matters
This expense is fully deductible because it directly relates to earning your income as a freelancer / sole trader and meets the three ATO tests: (1) you paid for it personally, (2) it's directly connected to your work, (3) it's not private or domestic in nature. Ergonomic equipment used for business is deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full amount in the year of purchase under the appropriate item on your tax return (typically D5 'Other work-related expenses' for most items).
📁 Records to keep
Keep your receipt or invoice for at least 5 years from the date you lodge your return. The ATO can request substantiation at any time during that window.
💡 Pro tipIf you weren't reimbursed by your employer and the expense relates to earning your income, claim it. Better to claim small amounts than miss out — Australians collectively under-claim by hundreds of millions each year.
🏨
Conference and seminar fees
Conferences relevant to your business are deductible.
Conference and seminar fees
Conferences relevant to your business are deductible.
📋 Why this matters
Self-education expenses are deductible when the course (a) maintains or improves the skills you currently use to earn your income, OR (b) is likely to result in increased income from your current role (Taxation Ruling TR 2024/3). It's NOT deductible when the course leads to a new career, new field, or just 'general' knowledge.
✅ How to claim
Claim under item D4 (Work-related self-education expenses). Includes course fees, textbooks, stationery, internet, depreciation on a computer used for study, and travel from work (NOT home) to the place of study.
📁 Records to keep
Course enrolment confirmation, receipts, and ideally a written statement from your employer or in your records showing how the course relates to your current role.
💡 Pro tipGovernment-subsidised courses (HECS/HELP) — the loan repayments themselves are NOT deductible. But upfront fees you paid (not loaned) are. Also, the $250 'non-deductible' threshold was abolished from 1 July 2022 — every dollar of self-education is now claimable from day one.
◐Partially deductible5 items
These costs are split between work and private use. You can only claim the work-use percentage — keep a 4-week diary or 12-week logbook to support the apportionment.
📱
Mobile phone (work-related use)
Work-related calls, messages and data are deductible at the work-use percentage based on a 4-week log.
Mobile phone (work-related use)
Work-related calls, messages and data are deductible at the work-use percentage based on a 4-week log.
📋 Why this matters
Your phone is a private asset that you sometimes use for work. The ATO requires you to identify the 'work-use percentage' based on actual usage records, and only that percentage of your bill is deductible. This follows the ATO's published apportionment guidance. The work-use must be 'reasonable and verifiable' — you can't just claim 50% because it feels right. Important: if you use the 70c/hour fixed-rate method for working from home, phone and internet are already included — you CANNOT also claim them separately.
✅ How to claim
Keep a representative 4-week diary recording every work-related call, text and data session. Calculate the percentage of total usage. Apply that percentage to your annual bill. Claim under D5 (Other work-related expenses).
📁 Records to keep
Your phone bill plus a 4-week usage diary. The diary should record date, duration/data, and whether each item was work or private.
💡 Pro tipCommon mistake: claiming 100% work-use. The ATO almost never accepts this for employees because you'd need separate work and personal phones. Be realistic — 30-50% is typical for most jobs.
🌐
Home internet (work-related use)
The work-related proportion of your home internet is deductible based on usage records.
Home internet (work-related use)
The work-related proportion of your home internet is deductible based on usage records.
📋 Why this matters
Like your phone, your home internet is a shared private/work asset. Only the work-use percentage of the bill is deductible under TR 93/30. The ATO accepts apportionment based on time spent on work activities online, data usage logs, or other reasonable methods.
✅ How to claim
Track 4 weeks of typical internet use. Estimate the work-related percentage (work-from-home, CPD courses, work emails after hours). Apply to your annual internet bill. Claim under D5.
📁 Records to keep
Internet bill plus a usage diary or written estimation of work-related hours/data.
💡 Pro tipIf you use the ATO's 70c/hour 'fixed rate' method for working from home, you CANNOT separately claim internet — it's already included in the 70c rate. You'd need to use the 'actual cost' method to claim internet separately.
💻
Laptop or computer (work use)
The work-related percentage of a personal laptop used for work is deductible; items over $300 are depreciated.
Laptop or computer (work use)
The work-related percentage of a personal laptop used for work is deductible; items over $300 are depreciated.
📋 Why this matters
This is a 'mixed-use' expense — partly for work, partly private. The ATO requires you to identify the work-use portion using a 'reasonable and verifiable' method (TR 93/30). Only the work portion is deductible. The work-related percentage of a personal laptop used for work is deductible; items over $300 are depreciated.
✅ How to claim
Determine the work-use percentage based on a representative period (typically a 4-week diary for ongoing costs like phone/internet, or a 12-week logbook for vehicle costs). Apply that percentage to the total cost.
📁 Records to keep
Keep both the original invoice/bill AND your diary or logbook showing how you calculated the work-use percentage. Both are required if the ATO asks.
💡 Pro tipThe ATO accepts reasonable estimates supported by your records. Don't claim 100% work use of shared assets — it's the #1 red flag in their review systems.
🏠
Home office running costs
Electricity, gas, and depreciation of office furniture used for work are deductible (70c/hr fixed rate or actual cost method).
Home office running costs
Electricity, gas, and depreciation of office furniture used for work are deductible (70c/hr fixed rate or actual cost method).
📋 Why this matters
When you work from home, you incur additional running costs (electricity, gas, internet, phone, depreciation of office furniture and equipment). The ATO offers two methods to claim these under PCG 2023/1: the 'fixed rate' method (70c per hour worked from home, covers all running costs except depreciation of furniture/equipment) or the 'actual cost' method (calculate each cost individually, more work but often higher).
✅ How to claim
Keep a record of hours worked from home (a timesheet, calendar entries, or work-from-home log). For the fixed rate: hours × $0.70 = deduction. For actual cost: apportion each utility bill by % of home used for work + work hours.
📁 Records to keep
Hours worked from home is MANDATORY from 1 March 2023 — estimates are no longer accepted. Use a diary, app log, or work calendar.
💡 Pro tipFor most employees, the 70c/hour fixed rate is simpler and gives a similar result to actual cost. But if you have a dedicated home office and high electricity bills (FIFO workers, content creators), actual cost can be substantially more — worth the extra paperwork.
🚗
Car expenses (work travel)
Work-related travel is deductible; private travel is not. Use logbook or cents-per-km method.
Car expenses (work travel)
Work-related travel is deductible; private travel is not. Use logbook or cents-per-km method.
📋 Why this matters
Work-related vehicle expenses are deductible when you use your car for work (not commuting). Eligible: travelling between workplaces, to clients, to other work locations during your shift. Ineligible: home-to-work commute. Two methods are allowed: cents-per-kilometre (88c/km for 2025-26, max 5,000km per car, no logbook needed) OR logbook method (12-week logbook gives a work-use %, applied to all car costs).
✅ How to claim
Decide which method gives the bigger claim. For under 5,000 work km/year, cents-per-km is simpler. For above, the logbook method is almost always better because there's no cap. Parking fees and tolls for work trips can be claimed separately on top of either method — they're not covered by the per-km rate. (The 5,000km cap applies per car, so if you use two cars for work you can claim up to 5,000km on each.)
📁 Records to keep
For cents-per-km: a diary or reasonable basis showing work km. For logbook: 12 consecutive weeks of every trip (date, odometer start/end, purpose), plus all receipts for the year (fuel, rego, insurance, servicing, depreciation). Logbook is valid for 5 years.
💡 Pro tipCommon audit trap: claiming home-to-work travel because you 'check emails on the way' or 'carry tools.' Only the bulky-tools exception (no secure storage at site, tools too heavy for public transport) makes commute deductible — and the ATO is strict on what 'bulky' means.
✗Not deductible1 items
Common audit traps. Claiming these can trigger ATO review and penalties. Knowing what NOT to claim is just as important.
👔
General clothing (non-uniform)
Conventional clothing worn to work is not deductible, even if your employer requires it.
General clothing (non-uniform)
Conventional clothing worn to work is not deductible, even if your employer requires it.
📋 Why this matters
The ATO accepts deductions for clothing that is 'occupation specific' (clearly identifies you as belonging to a particular profession), 'protective' (provides protection from work-related risks), or a 'compulsory uniform' (distinctive to your employer, registered on the ATO Register of approved uniforms, and enforced by a strict workplace policy). Conventional clothing — even if your employer requires it — is never deductible.
✅ How to claim
Claim the full purchase cost in the year of purchase. Keep your receipt. If you bought items in multiple transactions, total them on your return under 'Work-related clothing, laundry and dry cleaning expenses' (item D3).
📁 Records to keep
Receipt showing date, vendor, item and amount. Photo of the item (showing logo/distinctive features) helps in an ATO review.
💡 Pro tipIf your total work-related clothing, laundry and dry cleaning claim is $300 or less for the year, you don't need written evidence — but the ATO can still ask you to explain how you calculated it.
Want us to lodge it for you?
ALI Tax handles returns Australia-wide. Registered tax agents. Start online in 60 seconds.
Lodge your return →Tax Quiz for Freelancer / Sole Traders
5 questions on key ATO rules for your role. Most people get 3 out of 5. Can you beat that?
Ready to test what you know?
Takes about 2 minutes. No sign-up required.
Frequently asked questions
What's the simplest way to track freelancer / sole trader deductions during the year?
Keep a separate folder or app (like Receipt Bank or your phone's notes) and capture every work-related receipt as you spend. The 'shoebox approach' costs most freelancer / sole traders thousands in lost refunds each year.
Can I claim something my employer reimbursed?
No. If you've been reimbursed (or it was salary-packaged), you can't claim a deduction for it as well.
Do I need receipts for everything?
You need a receipt or written record for any deduction. For laundry up to $150 and small expenses up to $300 in total, you can use the ATO simplified methods without keeping every receipt.
What's the difference between deductible and partial?
Fully deductible means you can claim 100% of the cost. Partial means it's split between work and private use — you can only claim the work-use percentage based on a diary or logbook.
How long do I need to keep my receipts?
Five years from the date you lodge your tax return. The ATO can ask for records anytime in that window.
